Electron microscopy is a powerful technique that provides high-resolution images by focusing a beam of electrons to reveal fine structural details in biological and material specimens. 2 Because ...

Traditional electron microscopy techniques include scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), where electrons that interact with the sample are imaged. 4 The ...

Editor's note: Citation Classics Commentaries were written by the authors of studies that were some of the most highly cited papers between 1961 and 1975. The essays were originally published between ...

They can image a wide range of materials and biological samples with high magnification, resolution, and depth of field, thereby revealing surface structure and chemical composition. Industries like ...

The Nature Index 2025 Research Leaders — previously known as Annual Tables — reveal the leading institutions and countries/territories in the natural and health sciences, according to their output in ...