Traditional acousto-optic (AO) devices based on bulk crystal materials have weak energy confinement abilities for both photons and phonons, leading to a low AO interaction strength. Compared with bulk ...

If we replace the potentiometer VR1 with an AC signal plus DC bias signal in any of the previous Figures 3 to 17, the voltage controlled attenuators can become an amplitude modulator circuit instead.

The ever-increasing demand for more bandwidth to the home, office, and mobile devices is driving the deployment of 40G optical communications systems. Beginning in 2006, major carriers began deploying ...